Hi Chris,
Unfortunately, there is not a formula function to call whether a user in the field has permissions in the current application. To store more information on a user that can then be called down into other tables in the past I have used a Resources or Employees table that has a record for each user that I can then add information to. You can even populate/update it by exporting your current User table as a CSV and then Importing in user name, role, and any other info you want from that CSV right into the Resources table. Then you can have a formula field that checks each user's role and if there role isn't set to none they are a user in the app.
Once I have that Resources table set up to track the user, their role, and their status of being an active user or not I make the user field in my Resources table the key field and then I can match it to any other table I want via a Relationship and the existing user field or another field set up to mirror the user picked in a field. It does change the application up a bit and requires some groundwork but does allow for storing info on whether a user is active in the app or their current role, etc. I hope this suggestion is helpful Chris.