How can I incorporate Google Charts into QuickBase?

Your code appears to be using some Google libraries to make the HTTP request for the QuickBase data. Just use jQuery instead. This code fragment queries table dbid for the query with qid=17 and returns the results as an array named qdb_data:

var dbid="????????";$.getScript(dbid + "?act=API_GenResultsTable&qid=17&jsa=1",function(){ console.log(qdb_data);});

You would manipulate the array qdb_data into the datatable required by Google Visualization.