Here is a use case from today
https://community.quickbase.com/quickbase/topics/embedded-report-to-show-related-emails-how-to-match...Yes, a table is created and will update every hour.
Yes, you will be able to apply filters to what comes in.
The Table will not actually be "Related" to other tables. You will use a report link field to have an embedded table of the relevant emails on your "Parent" record.
Its very easy to set up, so the best thing is just to try it, except i guess that you are not on Exchange now. Note that Exchange Sync is new but gmail Sync has been working for the past year or so. So gmail is an option too.