This might be something that is limited by account type or your user permissions, but you can send a copy of a record to an email address of a non-user by creating an automation and selecting "Open: Emails sent openly to anyone" option if it's there. You can display only the fields you want, and include a link back to a form to update the information if necessary.
Since you'd have to open up the permissions to allow for anyone with the link to edit the record, it'd probably be best if the link was an add record button for a second temporary table with add permissions, then when saved another automation could copy the data to the proper master table record to update the record (and probably delete the temporary table data).
To fire the initial automation, a "last updated" date field could be added to the person's record, so you could see when the last time they were asked to verify the information. When you want to verify it again, change the date to the current day and have that trigger the automation. You could probably even send off verification emails to many people at once by changing the "last updated" field on many records at once. But you may run into limits of how many automations can go all at once.
