I would like to make an entire table read only except for a few fields for certain roles

You are mixing up allowing a user to edit data in fields with edit field properties.  You should uncheck that setting.

If you want to control the ability to edit fields at the field level them you need to go into each field individual and set the role access.

Typically I would do that via form rules and not field properties thought. I suggest that you use form rules.

Mark